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目 录 一、绪论··················································································································· 1 内容来自论文无忧网 www.paper51.com 1.1 项目背景及意义·································································································· 1 paper51.com
1.2 相关解决方案及技术分析···················································································· 1 http://www.paper51.com 二、相关技术介绍····································································································· 2 copyright paper51.com
2.1 PHP概述··········································································································· 3 内容来自www.paper51.com 2.2 PHP语言特点····································································································· 4 http://www.paper51.com 三、需求分析············································································································ 4 内容来自www.paper51.com 3.1 界面风格要求····································································································· 4 内容来自论文无忧网 www.paper51.com 3.2 模块要求············································································································ 4 paper51.com 四、作业上传下载模块设计······················································································· 5 http://www.paper51.com 4.1 功能分析·········································································································· 5 内容来自论文无忧网 www.paper51.com 4.2 程序描述·········································································································· 5 内容来自www.paper51.com 4.3 流程·················································································································· 5 内容来自论文无忧网 www.paper51.com
4.4 详细设计·········································································································· 5 内容来自论文无忧网 www.paper51.com 五、在线答疑模块设计······························································································ 8 paper51.com
5.1 功能分析·········································································································· 8 paper51.com 5.2 界面演示·········································································································· 8 http://www.paper51.com
5.3 程序描述·········································································································· 8 paper51.com 5.4 流程·················································································································· 8 内容来自论文无忧网 www.paper51.com
5.5 详细设计·········································································································· 9 内容来自www.paper51.com 六、网站美化············································································································ 12 copyright paper51.com 七、总结··················································································································· 13 内容来自www.paper51.com
参考文献··················································································································· 15 内容来自www.paper51.com 致谢·························································································································· 16 http://www.paper51.com 一、绪论 http://www.paper51.com
1．1项目背景及意义 内容来自www.paper51.com “为全面提高我国高等教育的办学水平和教学质量，切实推进教育创新，深化教学改革，促进现代信息技术在教学中的应用，共享优质教学资源”，教育部于2003年初下达了《关于启动高等学校教学质量与教学改革工程精品课程建设工作的通知》，在全国高等院校全面启动精品课程建设工作。所谓“精品课程是具有一流教师队伍、一流教学内容、一流教学方法、一流教材、一流教学管理等特点的示范性课程”。[9] http://www.paper51.com 鉴于精品课程建设的重要性，教育部对建设和申报国家级精品课程的网络教学资源也做出了明确的要求：“精品课程要使用网络进行教学与管理，相关的教学大纲、教案、习题、实验指导、参考文献目录等要上网并免费开放，鼓励将网络课件、授课录像等上网开放，实现优质教学资源共享，带动其他课程的建设”。由此可见，“精品课程教学资源网站的建设是精品课程建设的重要内容之一，也是高等学校进行教学信息化的重要组成部分，它承担着重要的教学信息化示范作用，可为教学手段的改进、教学活动的创新、教学内容的丰富、教学资源的共享、教学质量的提高、教学时空的拓展以及教学理念的提升等带来巨大的促进”。 内容来自论文无忧网 www.paper51.com 精品课程是体现现代性、科学性、先进性，有严正风范和鲜明特色，并具有师范和辐射的优秀课程。利用现在发达的网络和成熟的WEB技术，构造一种新型的、高效的、具有互动性的现代教学手段。应用成熟的WEB技术，建立校园网上的多媒体教学支撑平台的基本目标就是为院校的网上教学提供一种交互、开放、易用的全新环境，以实现教学资源共享，师生网上的互动交流讨论，实施个性化和人性化教学，以提高教学质量为最终目的。[8] copyright paper51.com 1．2相关解决方案及技术分析 内容来自www.paper51.com
目前国内外实现动态可交互的网站的技术有很多，比较常用的有ASP，JSP，PHP等。这几种技术各有特点： http://www.paper51.com (1)ASP（ACTIVE SERVER PAGES） copyright paper51.com ASP是Active ServerPage的缩写，意为“动态服务器页面”。ASP是微软公司开发的代替CGI脚本程序的一种应用,它可以与数据库和其它程序进行交互，是一种简单、方便的编程工具。ASP的网页文件的格式是.asp，现在常用于各种动态网站中。 ASP是一种服务器端脚本编写环境，可以用来创建和运行动态网页或Web应用程序。ASP网页可以包含HTML标记、普通文本、脚本命令以及COM组件等。利用ASP可以向网页中添加交互式内容（如在线表单），也可以创建使用HTML网页作为用户界面的web应用程序。[1] 内容来自www.paper51.com ASP的缺陷: paper51.com 1 ASP必须由IIS或者PWS支持，并且仅能运行在WINDOWS平台上 内容来自论文无忧网 www.paper51.com 2 ASP的代码可移植性差，除了WONDOWS，很难在别的平台下运行。 内容来自www.paper51.com
3 ASP边解释边执行，效率不高 paper51.com
4 ASP的组件大都由C++，VB等语言开发的，需要注册才能使用。[3] 内容来自论文无忧网 www.paper51.com (2)JSP(JAVA SERVERPAGES) copyright paper51.com
JSP(Java ServerPages)是由Sun Microsystems公司倡导、许多公司参与一起建立的一种动态网页技术标准。JSP技术有点类似ASP技术，它是在传统的网页HTML文件(*.htm,*.html)中插入Java程序段(Scriptlet)和JSP标记(tag)，从而形成JSP文件(*.jsp)。[4] http://www.paper51.com 用JSP开发的Web应用是跨平台的，即能在Linux下运行，也能在其他操作系统上运行。[2] 内容来自论文无忧网 www.paper51.com JSP技术使用Java编程语言编写类XML的tags和scriptlets，来封装产生动态网页的处理逻辑。网页还能通过tags和scriptlets访问存在于服务端的资源的应用逻辑。JSP将网页逻辑与网页设计和显示分离，支持可重用的基于组件的设计，使基于Web的应用程序的开发变得迅速和容易JSP技术的弱势： 内容来自论文无忧网 www.paper51.com 1 与ASP一样，Java的一些优势正是它致命的问题所在。正是由于为了跨平台的功能，为了极度的伸缩能力，所以极大的增加了产品的复杂性。 http://www.paper51.com 2 Java的运行速度是用class常驻内存来完成的，所以它在一些情况下所使用的内存比起用户数量来说确实是“最低性能价格比”了。从另一方面，它还需要硬盘空间来储存一系列的.java文件和.class文件，以及对应的版本文件。[5] http://www.paper51.com (3)PHP(Hypertext Preprocessor) copyright paper51.com
PHP，一个嵌套的缩写名称，是英文超级文本预处理语言（PHP:Hypertext Preprocessor）的缩写。PHP 是一种 HTML 内嵌式的语言，PHP与微软的ASP颇有几分相似，都是一种在服务器端执行的嵌入HTML文档的脚本语言，语言的风格有类似于C语言，现在被很多的网站编程人员广泛的运用。PHP 独特的语法混合了 C、Java、Perl 以及 PHP 自创新的语法。它可以比 CGI 或者 Perl 更快速的执行动态网页。用PHP做出的动态页面与其他的编程语言相比，PHP是将程序嵌入到HTML文档中去执行，执行效率比完全生成HTML标记的CGI要高许多；与同样是嵌入HTML文档的脚本语言JavaScript相比，PHP在服务器端执行，充分利用了服务器的性能；PHP执行引擎还会将用户经常访问的PHP程序驻留在内存中，其他用户再一次访问这个程序时就不需要重新编译程序了，只要直接执行内存中的代码就可以了，这也是PHP高效率的体现之一。PHP具有非常强大的功能，所有的CGI或者JavaScript的功能PHP都能实现，而且支持几乎所有流行的数据库以及操作系统。[6] paper51.com PHP的优点有： paper51.com ① 跨平台特性：ASP比不上PHP的跨平台能力，PHP几乎支持所有的操作系统平台及数据库系统，正是它的这种能力让UNIX/Linux有了一种与ASP媲美的开发语言，并广为流行。 paper51.com
② 良好的安全性：因为PHP是开源软件，所以所有PHP的源代码每个人都可以看得到，使得很多工程师可以对代码进行检测，同时它与Apache编绎在一起的方式也可以让它具有灵活的安全设定，PHP具有了公认的安全性能。 http://www.paper51.com
③ 易学性：PHP嵌入在HTML语言中，且坚持脚本语言为主，与Java、C等语言不同，语法简单、书写容易，方便学习掌握。现在市面上也有了大量的书，同时Internet上也有大量的代码可以共享 copyright paper51.com ④ 执行效率较高。 paper51.com
⑤ 免费：在流行的企业应用LAMP平台中，PHP、Linux、Apache、MySQL都是免费软件，降低了企业架设成本。 内容来自www.paper51.com ⑥ 本地化:PHP向网站的访问者提供本地化的服务。当用户点击进入网站的时候，网站会根据他们浏览器的设置自动地以其母语向其提供页面。要实现这一点其实很简单，是通过一个叫做gettext的系统实现的。如果语言文件不存在，那么文本就是缺省的英语或者其他任何你所指定的语言。如果被请求的语言文件存在，那么用户所看到的文本就是其母语；许多本地化的UNIX应用程序都将gettext作为标准，它让第三方的翻译变得轻而易举。[5] copyright paper51.com 总结以上特点，ASP可移植性较差，加上解释执行效率并不高，所以并没考虑使用该技术。JSP虽然功能强大，但其技术特点决定了它在企业级应用的优势，相比这个小规模的精品课程网站开发，显然PHP更适合。[4] copyright paper51.com |