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3.2The Kinds of Conjunction. Conjunctionscan be divided into two classes according to its grammatical function and thenature of connected compositions: coordinative conjunction and subordinate conjunction.Coordinative conjunction is to connect words, phrases, and sentences, which arecoordinate. “and, or, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, or else, otherwise,while, whereas, yet, however” are in common use. Subordinate conjunction is toconnect sentences and clauses. 内容来自论文无忧网 www.paper51.com 3.3“And”, the first appeared coordinative conjunction in English. 内容来自论文无忧网 www.paper51.com Thenumber of conjunctions in English is large and their usage is wide. Generally speaking,their meanings are immobile. But “and” is very special; its meaning is fuzzyand unfixed. In English, “and” is probably the first appeared coordinativeconjunction verified by linguists. Though “and” is just a conjunction, itsmeaning is various. In English-Chinese, the translation of “and” must be basedon the context. The following is a list of all the usages of “and” in English-Chinese. copyright paper51.com 4. The usages of “and”. http://www.paper51.com 4.1The Omission of “and”. copyright paper51.com Chineseis considered an analytic language and many conjunctions that are indispensablein English seem to be redundant in Chinese. Therefore, the omission of theconjunction is a common practice in English-Chinese translation. paper51.com (a) In English Sentences, if “and” links up nouns,pronouns or individual sentences, it need not be Translated in Chinese. http://www.paper51.com (1) Men and women, old and young, all joinedthe battle. 男女老少都参加了战斗。 copyright paper51.com (2) He looked gloomy and troubled. 他看上去有些忧愁不安。 copyright paper51.com
(b) When used to connect the numbers, between “Hundred ”and “Ten”, it is always omitted intranslation. http://www.paper51.com (3) one hundred and five 一百零五 内容来自www.paper51.com (4) There are three hundred and sixty-five days in a year. 一年有365天。 http://www.paper51.com (c)In Idioms，phrases andword Groups, “and” need not be translated. paper51.com Example：and so 所以 and so on 等等 paper51.com
and then 然后，其次 by 内容来自论文无忧网 www.paper51.com halfand half 半斤八两 heart copyright paper51.com neckand neck 不相上下 such 内容来自论文无忧网 www.paper51.com and so on = and so forth = and whatnot = and the like 诸如此类 copyright paper51.com |