摘要
分形是一门几何学科,它研究的是欧氏空间的一类子集,但很难对它下一个确切的定义。可以简单地说,如果一个对象的部分与整体具有自仿射变换关系,我们就可以称它为分形。自分形之父曼德勃罗(Benoit Mandelbrot)在1975年出版专著《分形对象:形、机遇与维数》,标志着分形理论正式诞生以来。分形已经广泛应用于物理、化学、生物、医学、计算机科学等诸多领域,而本文着眼于分形理论与计算机知识的结合。
因为分形图形有极强的艺术性,绘制得当,可以产生非常漂亮的图片,因此可以用于装饰,包装,服装等需要艺术图案的场所。本文重点介绍了分形图形的重要生成算法——逃逸时间算法,并且详细说明了使用逃逸时间算法生成Julia集与Mandelbrot集的算法过程。另外,本文也详细说明了分形图形的一种着色方案,它可以使分形图形的着色过程更富有过渡性,从而使图形具有更强的美感。本文还详细说明了分形图形在计算机图形学相关理论上的应用,比如分形图形的矢量移动,旋转,缩放,以及对分形图形进行相关特殊变换,此外,还可修改图形的参数,修改图形的颜色等等。本文还涉及了元胞机自动图案的生成以及Gumowski-Mira分形,生成了经典的三翅鹰图形,并且实现了对其色彩的编辑功能。
因为分形图形展示的是数学与艺术的成果,它日益受到人们的重视,甚至引发了分形是不是艺术的讨论,随着时间的流逝,分形是一种艺术已经为人们所承认,分形与计算机的结合也越来越紧密,计算机图形学中已经专门引入了分形算法,以生成自然景观等。另外,分形在其它学科的应用也日益广泛,可见,分形在今后会得到更大的发展,有更广阔的应用空间。
关键词:分形,矢量变换,Julia集,Mandelbrot集,逃逸时间算法
ABSTRACT
Fractal is a geometrical /subject. It studies a subset of Euclidean geometry and can't be defined /exactly. Say in a simple way, if one part of an object is affine with another part of this, we can say this object is a /fractal. From 1975 Benoit Mandelbrot published his works Fractal: Form, Chance and Dimension, the theory of fractal is wildly used in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, computer science /etc. And this topic dedicate for the use of fractal theory in /computer.
Because the beauty of the fractal picture, if drawing in a good way, you can get a perfect picture, so the picture can be used for dress, porcelain, and so /on. This topic point of the escaping time algorithm is the main way of drawing the fractal picture, but also show a new way to render the fractal picture in detail, it can give the picture more smoothly color change, thereby it give the picture more aesthetic /feeling. Further, this topic explain the use of computer graphics theory in the fractal picture's creating, for example the vector move, circumvolve, zoom in, zoom out, and other vector /transformation. In addition, picture parametric can be changed and picture colour can also be changed .this topic involved the Gumowski-Mira fractal, two dimension Cellular Automata /fractal.
Fractal unfurl an new world buildup with math and arts, Along with time flying, people think over fractal more and more, even brought an argument that fractal drawing is or not an /art. All think fractal picture is an art production today, and also, fractal is used more and more in computer /science. The computer graphics even add a new fractal algorithm to create nature /sight. Aside, fractal theory used wider and wider in other /subjects. We can say, fractal theory will use wider and /deeper.
Key Words: Fractal, Julia set, Mandelbrot set, Vector transformation,
Escaping time algorithm
目录
目录 I
摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
第一章 分形概论 1
1.1 什么是分形 1
1.2 分形的应用 1
1.3本文选题的背景 2
第二章 分形相关理论问题 3
2.1 JULIA集 3
2.2 逃逸时间算法的基本思想 4
2.3 逃逸时间算法绘制JULIA集与MANDELBROT集 4
2.4 分形图形着色方案 6
2.5 JULIA集与MANDELBROT集图形的矢量变换 7
2.6 二维元胞自动机生成分形图案 10
2.7 GUMOWSKI-MIRA公式 11
2.8 分形图形的位图操作 11
第三章 毕业设计结果和分析 23
3.1 程序概况 23
3.2程序说明 27
3.3 补充说明 31
参考文献 32
致 谢 33
APPENDIX 34
附录 40